| Early Adequate Nutrition in ICU is Associated with Survival Gain : Retrospective Cohort Study in Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury |
Junseo Oh1
, Jingyeong Kim1
, Jihyeon Ahn2
, Sunghoon Choi3
, Hyung Min Kim3
, Jaeim Lee4
, Hang Joo Cho5
, Maru Kim5
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1Department of Pharmacy, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
2Nutrition Team, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu , Korea
3Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
4Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
5Department of Trauma Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea |
| Correspondence |
Maru Kim ,Tel: +82-31-820-5266, Fax: +82-31-820-5378, Email: maru@catholic.ac.kr
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Received: August 24, 2024; Revised: October 28, 2024 Accepted: November 6, 2024. Published online: November 8, 2024. |
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| ABSTRACT |
Objective
: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly exhibit a poor mental health status and can easily develop aspiration pneumonia. Thus, early proper nutrition through oral or tube feeding is difficult to achieve, leading to malnutrition. However, evidence regarding early nutritional support in the intensive care unit (ICU) is lacking. We aimed to assess the effect of early nutrition in patients with TBI admitted to the ICU.
Methods
: Data of adult patients with TBI admitted to the trauma ICU of a regional trauma center in Korea between 2022 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Those with ICU stay <7 days, younger than 18 years, and with underlying diseases that could alter baseline metabolism, were excluded. Nutritional support on day 4 of ICU admission was measured. The patients were classified into mortality and survival groups, and risk factors for mortality were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were performed based on TBI severity.
Results
: Overall, 864 patients were diagnosed with acute TBI, of whom 227 were included in this study. The mortality rate in the study population was 15% (n=34). Those in the survival group were younger, had longer hospital stays, had a higher initial Glasglow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and had a higher intake of calorie supplements than those in the mortality group. In a subgroup analysis of patients with non-severe TBI (GCS>8), total calorie intake (751.4 vs 434.2 kcal, p=0.029), total protein intake (37.5 vs. 22.1 g, p=0.045), and ratio of supplied to target calories (0.49 vs 0.30, p=0.047) were higher in the survival group than in the mortality group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that calorie intake (B=-0.002, p=0.040) and initial hemoglobin level (B=-0.394, p=0.005) were risk factors for mortality in patients with non-severe TBI.
Conclusion
: More calories were supplied to the survival group than the mortality group among patients with TBI. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that increased calorie supply was associated with reduced mortality in patients with non-severe TBI. The mortality group had low protein intake; however, this did not emerge as a risk factor for mortality. Early sufficient nutritional support improves the prognosis of patients with TBI. |
| Key Words:
Traumatic brain injury · Nutrition therapy · Mortality · Intensive care unit · Prognosis |
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