Cell Death in Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

Chin, Dong Kyu; Kim, Young Soo; Yoon, Do Heum; Joo, Jin Yang; Lee, Kyung Hee; Seong, Je Kyung

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1999;28(12): 1755-1764.

Dong Kyu Chin, Young Soo Kim, Do Heum Yoon, Jin Yang Joo, Kyung Hee Lee, Je Kyung Seong

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
²Department of Medical Research Center, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
In acute spinal cord injury, biomechanical and pathological changes in the cord may worsen after injury. To explain these phenomena, the concept of the secondary injury has evolved and numerous pathophysiological mechanisms have postulated. These, however, have mainly focused only on the cell necrosis. The aim of present study is to verify whether apoptosis plays a role in the animal model of secondary injury of spinal cord. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were laminectomized and spinal cord injury was induced using NYU spinal impactor at T9 segment. The animals were sacrificed periodically and tissue specimen was obtained at the injury segment, adjacent segments, and remote segments to observe the secondary injury ultimately for the observation of the spatial and temporal distribution and the related cells for the appearance of apoptosis, if present.
RESULTS
In the spatial distribution of apoptosis, the apoptotic cells were located at gray matter of spinal cord and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly higher in adjacent segments than in the injured segment. In the temporal distribution of apoptosis, the number of apoptotic cells were maximal at 4 hours after injury and decreased subsequently. No apoptotic cells were found at remote segments which implies that there were no influence of apoptosis on transneuronal degeneration.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the lesioned area of spinal cord expanded over time in acute spinal cord injury and apoptosis contributed to the spinal cord neuronal and glial cell loss. In conclusion, apoptosis is thought to have an important role in secondary injury of acute spinal cord injury.

Key Words: Acute spinal cord injury; Secondary injury; Cell death; Necrosis; Apoptosis