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Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2005;38(5): 366-374.
Modulation of Cytotoxicity by Nitric Oxide Donors during Treatment of Glioma with Anticancer Drugs.
Jeong Jae Park, Jong Sool Kang, Hyun Sung Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Young Ha Lee, Jin Young Youm
1Department of Neurosurgery, Sun General Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
2Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
3Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. jyyoum@cnu.ac.kr
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE
Nitric oxide(NO) is implicated in a wide range of biological processes in tumors and is produced in glioma. To investigate the role of NO and its interaction with the tumoricidal effects of anticancer drugs, we study the antitumor activities of NO donors, with or without anticancer drugs, in human glioma cell lines. METHODS: U87MG and U373MG cells were treated with the NO donors sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine(SNAP), alone or in combination with the anticancer drugs 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea(BCNU) and cisplatin. Cell viability, cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, nitrite level, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined.
RESULTS
NO was markedly increased after treatment with SNP or SNAP; however, the addition of the anticancer drugs did not significantly affect NO production. NO donors or anticancer drugs reduced glioma cell viability and, in combination, acted synergistically to further decrease cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis were enhanced by combined treatment. Bax expression was increased by combined treatment, whereas Bcl-2 expression was reduced. The antitumor cytotoxicity of NO donors and anticancer drugs differed according to cell type. CONCLUSION: BCNU or cisplatin can inhibit cell viability and proliferation of glioma cells and can induce apoptosis. These effects are further enhanced by the addition of a NO donor which modulates the antitumor cytotoxicity of chemotherapy depending on cell type. Further biological, chemical, and toxicological studies of NO are required to clarify its mechanism of action in glioma.
Key Words: Apoptosis; Chemotherapy; Glioma; Nitric oxide
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